Consequently, modern conservators are responsible for recording the previous conservation work they find when evaluating objects. The history of early conservation has not yet been written, and early conservators recorded little of their work. The conservation response to the 1966 flooding of Arno, Florence was a key event in formalising the book and paper conservation profession. Even paper ephemera like newspapers and letters may be significant historical records or family mementos. Unlike works of art on paper, these items are often handled directly and repeatedly to access information. Paper-based items, such as books, scrapbooks, manuscripts, letters, journals and diaries, certificates, maps, deeds, newspapers, drawings, miniatures, and postcards present distinctive concerns when it comes to care and conservation. ![]() On the other hand, a book or document to be displayed in an exhibit may need to be presented in a more visually appealing condition. For example, library conservation requires that the books be legible and usable, but not necessarily aesthetically pleasing. There are many nuances to conservation and conservators must make decisions about how they will treat the object based on how it will be used or displayed. Conservation incorporates the fields of bookbinding, restoration, paper chemistry, and other material technologies, as well as preservation of archival resources. In preventative conservation, the science of storage and display are employed in order to control and stabilize the environmental conditions affecting the object in order to prolong its life span. Active conservation involves evaluating the condition of an object and treating to prevent further decay by cleaning, repairing, and restoring when necessary. There are two approaches of conservation: active or interventive conservation and passive or preventive conservation. ![]() The main goal of modern conservation is to maintain the integrity of the original parts of the object and that any additions due to restoration must be reversible. Conservation often accompanies preservation strategies such as proper storage and display, environmental monitoring, handling training, reformatting and security. ![]() Because conservation is one example of effort to preserve materials, it can be considered a subcategory of preservation. Preservation is an umbrella term which encompasses conservation and restoration however, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably when referring to library and archive conservation. Restoration involves returning a book or manuscript to as close to new condition as possible with the use of more invasive techniques and less retaining of original materials. Conservation of books and paper involves protecting and stabilizing the material in its current state while retaining as much of the original materials as possible. See also: Conservation and restoration of movable cultural propertyĬonservation, restoration, and preservation -while similar- are each distinct. Many paper or book conservators are members of a professional body, such as the American Institute for Conservation (AIC) or the Guild of Bookworkers (both in the United States), the Archives and Records Association (in the United Kingdom and Ireland), or the Institute of Conservation (ICON) (in the United Kingdom). Nowadays, the conservation of paper documents and books is often performed by a professional conservator. Historically, book restoration techniques were less formalized and carried out by various roles and training backgrounds. Carefully chosen methods and techniques of active conservation can both reverse damage and prevent further damage in batches or single-item treatments based on the value of the book or document. ![]() Conservators determine proper methods of storage for books and documents, including boxes and shelving to prevent further damage and promote long term storage. īook and paper conservation seeks to prevent and, in some cases, reverse damage due to handling, inherent vice, and the environment. Conservation of books and paper involves techniques of bookbinding, restoration, paper chemistry, and other material technologies including preservation and archival techniques. The primary goal of conservation is to extend the lifespan of the object as well as maintaining its integrity by keeping all additions reversible. When applied to cultural heritage, conservation activities are generally undertaken by a conservator. The conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents, and ephemera is an activity dedicated to extending the life of items of historical and personal value made primarily from paper, parchment, and leather. A conservation technician examining an artwork under a microscope at the Indianapolis Museum of Art
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